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Canberra (/ˈkænbərə/ ⓘ KAN-bər-ə) is the capital city of
Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of
Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is
Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest Australian
city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the
Australian Capital Territory[10] at the northern tip of the
Australian Alps, the country's highest mountain range. As of June
2022, Canberra's estimated population was 456,692.[1]
The area chosen for the capital had been inhabited by Aboriginal
Australians for up to 21,000 years,[11] by groups including the
Ngunnawal, Ngunawal and Ngambri.[12] European settlement commenced
in the first half of the 19th century, as evidenced by surviving
landmarks such as St John's Anglican Church and Blundells Cottage.
On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies of Australia was
achieved. Following a long dispute over whether Sydney or Melbourne
should be the national capital,[13] a compromise was reached: the
new capital would be built in New South Wales, so long as it was at
least 100 mi (160 km) from Sydney. The capital city was founded and
formally named as Canberra in 1913. A plan by the American
architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was
selected after an international design contest, and construction
commenced in 1913.[14][15] Unusual among Australian cities, it is
an entirely planned city. The Griffins' plan featured geometric
motifs and was centred on axes aligned with significant
topographical landmarks such as Black Mountain, Mount Ainslie,
Capital Hill and City Hill. Canberra's mountainous location makes
it the only mainland Australian city where snow-capped mountains
can be seen in winter, although snow in the city itself is
uncommon.