Cardiovascular session starts at a high intensity to increase heart rate and cardiac output then lowers to sustain heart rate level. Circulation increases to promote healthy blood pressure. During a 10-20 minute sauna session, heart rate increases by 50-75% which provides the same metabolic result as physical exercise. There is a nominal effect on blood pressure because the heat also causes blood vessels in the skin to expand to accommodate increased blood flow. A 2005 clinical study conducted by the University of Missouri, Kansas City showed that Solocarbon far infrared treatments dilated blood vessels and reduced the volume of their inner lining concluding that Solocarbon far infrared reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure with regular use.